Showing posts with label Rwanda. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Rwanda. Show all posts

Praising Rwanda's abolition of the death penalty

Friday, October 21, 2011

One more small article on Rwanda today while we're at it, here in Portuguese:

The co-president of the Association of Parliaments of the European Union and African Countries, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Louis Michel, said on Friday in Kigali that African countries should follow the example of Rwanda which abolished the death penalty in July 2007.

"The abolition of the death penalty (for Rwanda) contributed in a certain way to the reconciliation and justice in the country", he said.

Current capital punishment usage in Africa looks like this:

(red = used as legal punishment, orange = abolished in practice, blue = abolished for all crimes)


The most recent country to abolish it is Gabon in 2011.

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Foreign Policy on Rwanda's quest to become Africa's Singapore

This article from Foreign Policy two days ago on Rwanda's quest to become something akin to Africa's Singapore is a very interesting read. There is a linguistic dimension too that the article doesn't get into: Rwanda has recently made English one of its official languages, in addition to the existing Kinyarwanda and French. Having both English and French as official languages makes sense given where it is located - French Africa is just to the west, and a number of countries with English as an official language to the east.



Size is also an advantage here: while an inefficient government is inefficient in even a small state, an efficient government that works well in a small state can still be rendered inefficient by a large and unwieldy geography.

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Rwandans shouldn't be worried about English as the country's new language. Why? Er...just because.

Tuesday, November 25, 2008

Location of Rwanda in Africa. French is spoken as an official language in most countries to the west, English to the east and south. IMO Rwanda should just pull a Switzerland and have more than one official language.

Take a look here from allafrica.com for an example of some pretty convoluted and mostly unreferenced writing on why English as the new official language (instead of French) is good for Rwanda. It might be good for the country, but the article certainly doesn't do anything to aid that view.

(and by the way, George Boeree is referenced in the article by the way. No mention of Lingua Franca Nova though! Reminds me of Jespersen. I found a huge book with almost all his works translated into Korean the other day, and there were about two sentences in total on Novial. Same thing happens with Peano too. Weird how people pick and choose what they believe to be important from a person's works)

Let's take a look at the article:
Any Rwandan who is grappling with the recent executive decision that obliges English to become the language of instruction in schools and communication in government offices should not despair.

English is not just a language from England. It is a world full of new possibilities. For starters, today the only thing that English shares with its supposed motherland is its name.

Even the so-called Queen's English is fast becoming a relic preserved for the Queen addresses to the British parliament, almost going the way of Latin.
Ha!

Then it diverges into a different topic:

In 2003, the researchers traced the origin of the English language to a group of Turkish farmers 9,000 years ago.

Research however, has conclusively found that English was one of the Germanic languages, which include many other European languages: like German, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, Gothic, Afrikaans and Frisian.

Phew, good thing we've concluded that English was a Germanic language.

Now for a conclusion in the middle of the article on the language's status:

Other European languages have left culturally specific words. Boeree continues that the American Indian languages, Australian Aborigine languages, and the languages of Africa and India gave English many hundreds of words, especially for the innumerable species of plants and animals of the world.

Therefore, English as a language had already claimed the world even before the world could claim to own it.

Well, not exactly. That happens to pretty much any language that doesn't have a tradition of linguistic purism. Take a look at Japanese for a language that loves loanwords just as much as English.

In a world where news travels around the world within less than a second, the domination for English language perpetuates itself, through the internet, cable news networks, short message service on mobile phones etc, it is hard to keep away a language.

Sure, that's what English does, and so do other languages. None of the media mentioned above are specific to English alone.

After a bit more on some interesting words in English drawn from other languages, the article suddenly draws the following conclusion:

While you might be agonising about how best to fast track your journey to proficiency in English, you might find solace in any enjoyable English literature that will make the burden of learning less troublesome.

And while you are at it, you will never know how quickly you become a citizen of the free English speaking world...English is clearly on the march.
There you go! Rwandans rejoice, English is the correct choice to make because...because it has interesting loan words, doesn't sound like Queen's English anymore and you can find it on the internet and cell phones!

While I appreciate the debate, it's best to back up the assertion with facts. Why is switching to English good for a country located where Rwanda is? How long will it take? Will those that prefer French be able to continue to use it in education, and if that is allowed will the country become like Vanuatu but without a unifying language like Bislama? An article that amounts to little more than "English is cool, let's do it!" doesn't really help.

As written above, I see no reason why a country like Rwanda shouldn't just use both as many countries do, such as Switzerland and Luxembourg. Certain areas in Nigeria for example are considering making French compulsory due to being on the border of a French-speaking country, and lots of people in Senegal close to Guinea-Bissau learn Portuguese. It's painfully obvious that languages are more strongly affected by local influences than international ones, and a country should be able to take advantage of the area in which it's located.

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Lots of worry at this year's Francophonie summit, but there's some good news too

Tuesday, October 21, 2008

There's a lot of worry out there at the moment for the future of the French language, especially with such news as Rwanda having decided to become an English-speaking country. The article however, says that:

The decision taken by Paul Kagame is more political than cultural. Rwanda has been most vociferous in accusing the French government for its participation in the genocide, which took place in the country 1994. After severing diplomatic ties with France, Rwanda has threatened an international legal action against some French personalities who were serving in government at the time of the tragic genocide.

The switch over to English also does nothing to change the current situation, where Rwanda is the tiny blue dot on the edge of all those French-speaking nations, next to Burundi just below and the humongous Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, another French-speaking country and with a population of 62 million.

There's no reason a country can't have two languages of course; happens all the time. Case in point: this article on Mauritius, probably the coolest African country there is (from what I can tell). They have about three official languages there (French, English, Mauritian creole which is based on French) and since the language people use in everyday life there is based on French there's a natural inclination towards French itself, the use of which is increasing in the country:
Despite Britain's ouster of its French colonial rulers and being in predominantly anglophone Africa, Mauritius is seeing a rise in the use of French in the absence of an official language.

The Indian Ocean country's constitution makes no mention of an official language and its one million citizens speak either English, French, Hindi or Mauritian Creole -- a French patois.

Only in parliament is English stipulated as the official language -- but lawmakers are allowed to address the speaker in French.

"There is evidence of increased use of French," said Arnaud Carpooran, a lecturer at the University of Mauritius. "It is difficult to find a Mauritian who does not speak French."

...

Still, it appears French and English can exist in harmony here.

"The extraordinary thing is that French is not becoming dominant at the expense of English," Furlong said.

"The Francophonie is not a dance to the tune of French," said Carpooran. "We are celebrating being multilingual and French is evolving alongside other languages, including English."

Belgium could learn a lot from Mauritius.


And in other news, Vanuatu has a new French-language newspaper:

A new French language newspaper has been launched in Vanuatu. L'Hebdo Du Vanuatu is to be published by Vanuautu's Daily Post newspaper. Not only will it cover news in Vanautu, but will provide coverage of New Caledonia, where it will also be distributed.


Bottom line: French won't be going anywhere anytime soon, and those who are worried about the future of the language should have Africa's best interests in mind, because the more conditions improve there the more influence the language will have. This article agrees with me: "L’avenir du français passe par l’Afrique" (the future of French passes through Africa).

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