Showing posts with label africa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label africa. Show all posts

760 million Francophones in 2060

Sunday, April 06, 2014

Another one of these studies on the future speaking population of French shows little surprise: French will continue to grow at the current rate of about 7 million speakers per year (slowing down somewhat later on), reaching 715 million by 2050 and 760 million ten years after that. The last time we saw an estimate of the current numbers it was 220 million in 2010, so the current number should be approaching 250 million soon.

All thanks to Africa of course: the article notes that in 2050 a full 85% of Francophones will be African, and in the age group 15-29 it will be even greater, 90%.

For a look at the current makeup, Francophonie.org has an interactive map here. Click on répartition par pays to see numbers by country, as well as sub-national group (Quebec, Saint Pierre et Miquelon etc. are treated separately). And the way things are going in Quebec (election on Monday), it won't be a country any time soon.


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French is an African language - François Hollande

Friday, October 19, 2012

From here in French. His message that French is an African language is of course meant to imply that it belongs to the people of Africa and not that it has its origins there, but would it also be possible to call French an African language in that sense as well? The French language itself is not particularly old, but the history of Latin in Africa is quite a bit older, and African Romance was also a language that existed for a time. On the other hand, Rome's creation of Africa province happened through quite a violent war and in general the more violence one commits when entering an area the longer the impression of being foreign to the area lasts. Unless of course the violence committed is not recorded, in which case nobody is around to remember within a few generations.

Perhaps French is as much an African language as Arabic would have been an European language if it had remained a lingua franca in southwestern Europe. If not African, then a very-much-intertwined-with-the-historical-and-present-Africa...type language. In any case, depending on how things work out the French language may end up owing as much to Africa for its future prominence as Portuguese does to Brazil at the moment. We will find out in about two or three decades.

To the article:
"The future of the francophonie is here, in Africa...French does not belong to France, it belongs to you, it is yours." Saying this François Hollande launched the Sommet de la Francophonie in Kinshasa. It is true that in 2050, according to forecasts, 80% of the 700 million that speak French will be in Africa.

For François Hollande, this language is "inseparable from the Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", written in that language by the revolutionaries of 1789, as well as the values of democracy and the freedoms attached to it.

In Kinshasa, the French president met with a number of NGOs and representatives of the opposition, beginning with Etienne Tshisekedi. He unveiled a plaque in honour of the Congolese human rights activist Floribest Chebeya..he also deplored "unacceptable realities" concerning the governance of the DR Congo in his speech...

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Portuguese becomes working language of the...Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa

Wednesday, August 08, 2012

Well, it's not quite the United Nations that Portuguese would like to see itself added to, but for what it's worth it has been added alongside Arabic to make four: English, French, Portuguese and Arabic. The website is still only available in English and French.

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Praising Rwanda's abolition of the death penalty

Friday, October 21, 2011

One more small article on Rwanda today while we're at it, here in Portuguese:

The co-president of the Association of Parliaments of the European Union and African Countries, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Louis Michel, said on Friday in Kigali that African countries should follow the example of Rwanda which abolished the death penalty in July 2007.

"The abolition of the death penalty (for Rwanda) contributed in a certain way to the reconciliation and justice in the country", he said.

Current capital punishment usage in Africa looks like this:

(red = used as legal punishment, orange = abolished in practice, blue = abolished for all crimes)


The most recent country to abolish it is Gabon in 2011.

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Chinese investment in Africa, country by country

Monday, November 01, 2010

Radio France Internationale has an interactive graph here that is worth bookmarking if you think any of these numbers may come in handy later on. The page has a map of the continent with various options for viewing, such as by investment amount, Chinese population, and industry. The Chinese population part of it is probably the least interesting as 1) Chinese population in a country is as much due to historical reasons as recent investment, and 2) countries with larger populations are likely to have a larger Chinese (and other) population anyway. So it's no surprise that Nigeria and South Africa have a high number. It is worth noting that Egypt has a particularly low Chinese population compared to the population as a whole, but this is only obvious if you have the total population numbers on hand.

Countries with investment over $5 billion: Sudan, Nigeria, Dem Rep Congo
$1 - $5 billion: Ethiopia, Gabon, Angola, Mozambique, South Africa
$400 - $990 million: Algeria, Guinea, Chad, Zambia
$1 - $400 million: Egypt, Niger, Cameroon, Rep Congo, Zimbabwe

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French speakers grow from 200 million in 2007 to 220 million in 2010

Sunday, October 17, 2010

And it's all thanks to Africa. Some info from the article:

French is spoken by 220 million people throughout the world, according to a report by the International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF) published on 12 October. More than half of these francophones live in Africa. This represents an increase of 20 million since 2007, when the population was 200 million. This growth is almost solely thanks to the African continent, which remains one of the last sanctuaries of the French language where 50% of the francophone population lives. This number is also an underestimation to a certain extent as it only includes those that understand, speak, read and write French, so those who can only speak it are not included.
According to the OIF, Africa could represent 85% of the French-speaking population by 2050, if the demographic growth does not cease and if literacy continues to progress through education.

The rest of the article goes on to mention that French is weakening in other parts of the world, particularly Europe.

As can be seen here, French is also vastly underrepresented on the internet with a penetration rate of just 17%. English is at 42%, Chinese is 33%, and Spanish is 37%, and French is actually the language in the top ten with the lowest penetration rate of all, even lower than Arabic at 19%.

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French podcast on the status of the Portuguese language in Africa

Thursday, June 24, 2010

Here's an interesting podcast in French of about 26 minutes in length on the status of the Portuguese language in Africa, specifically in Guinea-Bissau, Cabo Verde, Angola and Mozambique. Actually, I think I can embed it here...






There we go. It's all spoken so I was only able to jot down a few notes while listening. They are:

Guinea-Bissau is the place where Portuguese is weakest, as very few speak it fluently, even in government. They have a Portuguese creole there, used a lot but without a written standard so it's spoken only. Apparently the negative is often formed with ka.

Cabo Verde has a Portuguese creole too, which apparently is closer to standard Portuguese than that in Guinea-Bissau.

Portuguese in Angola is quite strong, and there are four regional languages that receive support/approval from the government too. Some 75% of the population speaks Portuguese.

Mozambique is where Portuguese is the strongest, and schools etc. are all in Portuguese. I have a post here from last month with a lot more information on how much Portuguese is used there - apparently it's used for 90% of urban communication there.

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Republic of the Congo to begin teaching Portuguese in schools from 2011

Monday, June 07, 2010

From an article here in Portuguese.


View Larger Map

The governments of Portugal and the Republic of Congo (also known as Congo-Brazzaville) signed an agreement on Friday in Lisbon whereby Portuguese will be taught in Congolese schools beginning in 2011.

The Congo, which has French as its official language, is close to the two ex-Portuguese colonies of Angola and São Tomé e Príncipe, and the three countries belong to the same economic community, the Economic Community of African States.

"We intend to closen relations with our neighbours", explained Basil Ikoubéké, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Congo. According to him, the teaching of Portuguese will be experimental in the beginning and the first to learn the language will be Congolese diplomats. The Portuguese government will send teachers to the country.

The neogiator of the accord from the Portuguese side, Domingos Alvim, said that the teaching of Portuguese should begin in September of the coming year, but the details on that still need to be worked out.

At the moment Portuguese is already being learned in African countries where it is not an official language. This is the case with Senegal, Namibia, Swaziland, Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa.

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TV Brasil Internacional, Brazil's new international station for Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa

Monday, May 31, 2010

A new channel was launched just a few days ago by Brazil for Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa, and the official site is here. The channel is rebroadcast via Maputo in Mozambique (where Portuguese is the official language and also continuing to grow) to 49 African nations, and the main target nations are Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and Sao Tome and Principe.

A quick scan of the site doesn't seem to turn up anything specifically geared for students of Portuguese, though if you're lucky you'll come across a subtitled video, like this one.

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"Finish your dinner - there are people starving in Africa, you know."

Wednesday, October 14, 2009

That's something many of us heard around the dinner table as children, and the response to that often is "Well, if I could give my leftovers to the starving people you're talking about I certainly would." That's not a possibility with food, but at least it is with soap. Derreck Kayongo from Uganda has launched a project called the Global Soap Project, which takes used soap from locations such as hotels, melts them down, sterilizes them and turns them into new bars of soap which are then shipped to countries that need them.

Since he first had the idea to recycle soap after spending a night in a hotel and noticing that the soap had been replaced the next day, perhaps he has plans to recycle other objects as well? Other disposable items in hotels include toothbrushes and razors, and though the idea of using someone else's toothbrush might seem a little odd it should be no problem if properly sterilized, and hotel toothbrushes are only used for a single day anyway so I doubt anyone otherwise toothbrushless would complain about being given one for free that had been used once and then sterilized.

Other not so glamorous but very effective and necessary projects include iodized salt, and mosquito nets. Iodized salt costs just pennies per ton, and mosquito nets are something like $10, a small price to pay for a significant reduction in malaria.

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New undersea cable to South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Mozambique brings high-speed internet to Eastern Africa

Friday, July 24, 2009

Finally, it's done! This has been a long time coming; I remember writing about the cables under construction back in February. For most websites dialup just doesn't cut it anymore, and high-speed internet is just about the difference between having access and no access at all. Simply playing a video on YouTube for example requires a fairly fast connection that Eastern Africa just didn't have until now.



According to the article, companies such as Tanesco (electricity), TTCL (communications), Tanzania Railways and Universities of Dar es Salaam and Dodoma are already benefiting from the new connection.

A part of the article also mentions that though prices have gone down for businesses from $3000 a month to $600 a month, ISPs are not lowering prices for average consumers but are instead offering increased bandwidth. Whether they can keep this up for long is hard to say, because the idea of lowering prices to average consumers as well may just be too tempting to one and this would cause the others to follow suit. We'll see what happens in the next few weeks/months.

The comments below the article are particularly interesting so be sure to take a look at them. Many have already begun to see an improvement in service, but certainly not all.

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Facebook's new Swahili language edition popular in East Africa

Tuesday, June 16, 2009


This article from BBC is about Facebook's launching of an edition in Swahili, a language that has a status as a lingua franca in the region where it is spoken, but very little online presence. Their Wikipedia has barely over 10,000 articles for example, but nevertheless the language is spoken by over 100 million people. Wikipedia estimates the population at 60+ million, but then again it also estimates Turkish at 70 million (less than the population of Turkey alone!) and is often laughingly conservative in the estimates it makes.

The most interesting part of the article: more than 60% of users in East Africa are already using the Swahili version. Time and time again news pops up that shows that people just feel that much more comfortable in their native tongue, and these are thus often neglected areas in business. Imagine for example you are a developer of Software X, but your competitors are also Software Y, Z, and a few others, and you want to have your product blow the competition away. Be the first to provide a Swahili (or other often used but neglected language) version, and the market in that language is all of a sudden trying out Software X whereas advertising in English alone wouldn't have done it.

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Zambia to introduce Portuguese in the school curriculum

Monday, April 20, 2009

It's pretty easy to understand why Zambia, an English-speaking country, would elect to bring Portuguese into the curriculum when you look at its location in Africa:

Zambia is in red in the middle, and Angola to the west and Mozambique to the east have Portuguese as official languages.

Here's a comparison of the three in terms of economy and population:

Population

Angola - 16.9 million
Zambia - 11.8 million
Mozambique - 21.4 million

Total GDP

Angola - $96 billion
Zambia - $11.4 billion
Mozambique - $8 billion

GDP per capita

Angola - $5,700
Zambia - $940
Mozambique - $400


Just another example of how English's status as a world language means nothing when you're in country X, speak English, and country Y next door with six times the GDP per capita speaks a language less prominent than country X...people in country X will still want to learn language Y to get ahead, regardless of how prominent English is elsewhere in the world.

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BBC Turkish: there have been over 180 coups in Africa over the past 50 years

Sunday, March 22, 2009

Afrika Birliği, Afrika ülkelerinin tek çatı altında toplandığı kuruluştur. 1963 yılında kurulan 2002'de bu adı alan örügütün temel amacı Afrika ülkeleri arasında dayanışma ve işbirliğini artırmak olan ve merkezi Addis Ababa olan örgüttür.Fas hariç Afrika kıtasında bulunan tüm ülkeler bu birliğe üyedir.


BBC Turkish has an article here with this title that as far as I know isn't available in English, so I'll translate a few parts of it.


Afrika, hafta başında Madagaskar'da yaşanan askeri müdahale ile tarihinde darbeler hanesine bir çentik daha atmış oldu.
With the military intervention in Madagascar at the beginning of the week, an extra notch has been added to the coup d'etats in its history.
Afrika Birliği 2002 yılında kurulurken, kıtayı tanınmaz hale getiren iç savaş ve darbeler dönemine de son verme hedefini taşıyordu.
The African Union was set up in 2002 with the goal of putting an end to the civil wars and coups that had made the continent completely unrecognizable.
Afrika Birliği Başkanı Alpiha Ömer Konare'nin 2003'te söylediği gibi bağımsızlık döneminin ilk 50 yılında kıtada 180'den fazla darbe yaşanmıştı.
As African Union President Alpiha Ömer Konare said in 2003, there have been over 180 coups in the continent during the first 50 years of the period of independence.

And then on the types of regimes:
Birincisi Afrikalı liderlerin iktidara geldikten sonra onlarca yıl koltuktan inmemekte direnmeleri. Mesela, Afrika Birliği'nin şimdiki başkanı, Libya lideri Muammer Kaddafi. 1969 yılında düzenlediği darbeyle ülkede kontrolü ele geçiren Kaddafi, kendisinin koltuğunu terketmesiyle sonuçlanabilecek gerçekten demokratik, çok partili bir seçimi engellemekte ısrarlı.
The first are leaders that continue to stay for decades after taking power. One example of this is the current president of the African Union, Muammar al-Gaddafi, the leader of Libya. Gaddafi, who took control of the country in 1969 through a coup, has continued to hinder true, democratic multi-party elections that could bring about an end to his rule.
Diğer yandan da, iktidar partilerinin seçimleri kaybettikten sonra da hükümetten ayrılmamaları gerçeği var. Kenya ve Zimbabve bu konuda ilk akla gelen iki örnek.
On the other hand are situations where the party in power refuses to leave the government even after losing elections. Kenya and Zimbabwe are the first two examples of this that come to mind.

After this it states that at least there are examples of true democracy in Africa, of which Ghana is one, and concludes that Africa still has a long way to go.

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The future of the French language passes through Africa / L’avenir du français passe par l’Afrique

Friday, March 13, 2009


There are quite a few articles out there about how Africa holds the key to whether French will retain its status as a major world language or not, so I thought I'd gather some info from a few of them here.

First from this one, an older article (2003) but still with a great deal of good information:

Avec plus de 170 millions de locuteurs sur les cinq continents, le français devrait sans ambiguïté être considéré comme une langue mondiale.
With more than 170 million users in the five continents, French should clearly be regarded as a world language.

But:

La bataille de la science est désormais quasiment perdue. Durant les trois dernières années, sur les quelque deux millions d’articles publiés dans le domaine des sciences exactes, seuls 25 000 l’ont été en français.
The battle of science is now almost lost. During the last three years, out of some 2 million articles published in the domain of exact sciences, only 25,000 were in French.

On the geographic distribution of the language compared to others:

L’un des principaux atouts de la langue française réside dans son implantation géographique. Alors que le chinois n’est parlé qu’en Chine, l’hindi en Inde, l’arabe dans une zone géographique concentrée (Maghreb, Moyen-Orient), l’espagnol en Espagne et en Amérique latine, le français est plus «dispersé». Et de ce fait plus, il est plus «international».
One of the main strengths of the French language resides in its geographic implementation. While Chinese is only spoken in China, Hindi in India, Arabic in a concentrated geographic location (Maghreb, Middle East), Spanish in Spain and Latin America, French is more "dispersed", and thus it is more "international".

And finally, how paradoxically French is having a harder time in Europe than in a region like Africa:

L’un des signes de ce manque de combativité est perceptible au sein des institutions européennes où le français ne cesse de céder du terrain...Pour Bernard Cerquiglini : «Si nous perdons dans l’Union européenne, nous perdrons pour la terre entière». Pierre-André Wiltzer, le ministre français délégué à la Coopération et la Francophonie, partage ce point de vue et estime que «le plus difficile combat» de la francophonie est celui de l’Europe.
One of the signs of this lack of fighting spirit is evident in European institutions where French continues to lose ground...For Bernard Cerquiglini: "If we lose in the European Union, we lose over the entire world". Pierre-André Wiltzer, the French Minister Delegate for Cooperation and Francophonie, shares this view and believes that "the most difficult battle" of the Francophonie is that of Europe.

Par contre, c’est en Afrique que le français peut trouver le nouveau souffle qui lui permettra, dans les décennies à venir, de rester démographiquement concurrent. Pierre-André Wiltzer a ainsi déclaré que «le continent africain est une ressource considérable pour la francophonie» parce qu’il bénéficie d’une «vitalité démographique très importante». L’Afrique demeure en effet le plus grand bassin de locuteurs de français.
On the other hand, it's in Africa where French is able to find new life, which will enable it in the decades to come to remain demographically competitive. Pierre-Andre Wiltzer also said that "the African continent is a considerable resource for the Francophonie" because it benefits from a "very important demographic vitality". Africa remains indeed the largest pool of French speakers.

Next, from an article from 2008:

...le continent africain qui connaît une forte croissance de sa population, qui passerait ainsi d'environ un milliard de personnes en l'an 2000 à deux milliards en 2050...À l'évidence, le nombre de locuteurs francophones d'Afrique augmente également.
...the African continent which is experiencing a strong growth in its population, which would increase from about 1 billion people in 2000 to two billion in 2050...naturally, the number of French speakers in Africa is also increasing.

and:

...ajoute-t-il, outre cinq pays européens -- principalement la France, la Belgique et la Suisse -- le Québec, le Canada et Haïti, «tous les autres pays sont situés en Afrique!». Mieux, si dans les années 1960 les locuteurs des pays francophones du Nord représentaient 80 % de l'ensemble des francophones de la planète, ce taux est passé à 50 % en 2000. Et selon des études expertes, ils ne représenteront plus que 15 % des francophones en 2050. Présentement, on estime à 200 millions le nombre de francophones dans le monde, alors qu'ils seront plus de 600 millions en 2050.
...he adds, besides five European countries -- mainly France, Belguim and Switzerland -- Quebec, Canada and Haiti, "all the other countries are located in Africa!" Moreover, if in 1960 the users of francophone countries represented 80% of the francophones on the planet, this figure has become 50% in 2000. And according to expert studies, they will only represent 15% of the francophones in 2050. Presently, there are an estimated 200 million francophones in the world, while they will be more than 600 million in 2050.

And finally, also from 2008:

«les Africains ne font plus beaucoup référence au français comme langue coloniale» et que «cette vision est largement dépassée».
(he says) "Africans do not refer to French all that much as a colonial language", and that "this vision is largely outdated."

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BBC launches Portuguese for Africa service

Tuesday, March 10, 2009


Among other languages. I'm happy with this news because it could help to balance out the silly (in my opinion) power struggle that seems to go on between Brazil and Portugal over which side is real Portuguese, or whose standard deserves to be given more weight. African Portuguese countries on the other hand don't really seem to be a part of this, and I don't expect they feel as attached to certain expressions or standards that Brazil and Portugal might.

(People that know more about the subject can correct me if I'm wrong)

The article states:

In recent years the eight Portuguese speaking countries have signed a document urging everyone to unify the way in which the language is written.

Filipe Correia De Sa is the language expert for Para Africa, Portuguese for Africa and he felt that their department needed a place were they could gather their linguistic knowledge and have the opportunity to develop it further.

He has produced the pages on style, impartial writing, independence, pronunciation and much more. He feels that the Portuguese for Africa site will contribute in the integration of the written form of the Portuguese language.

You can see the site here. One article here is about the visit by the Angolan president to Portugal, where it says:
Em entrevista à BBC para África, Fernando Jorge Cardoso, Coordenador do Programa África do Instituto de Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais em Lisboa, salientou que "Angola ocupou o quarto lugar das exportações portuguesas após a Espanha, a Alemanha e a França.
In an interview with BBC para Africa, Fernando Jorge Cardoso, Coordinator of Programa Africa of the Institute of International Strategic Studies in Lisbon, stressed that "Angola occupies the fourth place in Portuguese exports after Spain, Germany and France."

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Internet growth accelerating in Africa

Wednesday, February 11, 2009

The approximate area that will benefit the most from the upcoming EASSy cable system. Plus Sudan, I think.

You can read the news here. It's too bad that Africa is still treated as a single entity though because it means it takes that much more time to dissect news articles like this one. Does accelerating internet growth mean more internet users in the French-speaking sub-Saharan part, or is it just further development in South Africa / Mauritius / Tunisia / Libya and so on, or is it actual growth in the parts of the continent that are the least developed?

Here's what it says:

"Until recently, the experience of the internet in Africa has been like having to eat a three-course meal by sucking it through a straw: time-consuming, unreliable and expensive. .. [but prices are dropping] and cheap international bandwidth is an essential component for any developing country to remain competitive in a changing world." - Russell Southwood, in Global Information Society Watch 2008

Southwood goes on to note that new undersea cables, two of them due to be completed this year, are predicted to cut international bandwidth prices for some African countries by as much as 90%, and that there will be strong pressure for reducing costs inside countries as well, as well as for finding new ways to bring cheaper connections to neglected rural areas.

Hmm, "some African countries". Luckily Reuters has some more information.

New telecoms infrastructure is set to boost capacity and cut tariffs in Africa this year, unlocking the continent's high-speed Internet potential and creating growth opportunities for operators and equipment firms.

Despite being the fastest-growing telecoms market in the world, Africa's broadband growth has been hamstrung by costly international bandwidth and patchy national infrastructure, impeding development and deterring investors.

But that may be about to change.

U.S.-based advisory firm AfricaNext Investment Research expects Africa's broadband market to grow more than fourfold in five years to 12.7 million users from 2.7 million in 2007.

Okay, where? Page 2 has the answer:

While West Africa already has high-speed Internet connectivity through the SAT-3 cable that loops around the west of the continent, East Africa still relies on dial-up or expensive satellite connections.

But projects worth around $6 billion (four billion pounds), including 10 undersea cables and several national networks, are planned or under construction in Africa, according to South African research firm BMI TechKnowledge.

Mauritius-registered private equity venture SEACOM is planning to commercially launch a fibre-optic undersea cable in June costing more than $650 million, linking east and southern Africa to Europe and Asia.

The EASSy submarine network, owned by African operators including Telkom Kenya and Telkom South Africa, will also loop around east Africa, bringing fast and cheap bandwidth to at least 23 landlocked African countries.

It should be completed by 2010 and will cost $265 million. Alcatel-Lucent is working on the project.

Richard Hurst, telecoms analyst at global telecoms advisory firm IDC, said international bandwidth rates were expected to drop to a fifth or less of current rates of $3,000 per megabit after these two cables are in operation.


EASSy - that brings us to Wikipedia's page on the network, and the following telecommunications companies as participants:

For more information on internet use in Africa by country, see this page. Seychelles and Mauritius have the highest penetration rate, and Liberia and Sierra Leone the lowest. Note that the stats haven't been updated since June of last year though.

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