How to best use Ted.com videos to learn languages
Wednesday, December 02, 2009
Ted.com videos are often subtitled in a number of other languages, and when watching a video it's a good idea to pick a language you happen to be learning or know a bit about to display at the bottom in order to best make use of your time when watching one. Those learning English as a second language of course will want to display the original English subtitles at the bottom in order to best understand the speech and learn as much as possible.
But what about specifically using a video in order to learn a language instead of just gleaning a few new words here and there? Luckily, Ted.com also has the text of the video in each language ready to copy and paste so it's possible to draft a bilingual copy of the speech that you can use to compare the translation with the English version. This is a bit time-consuming so it's probably best to use a short video for this unless you happen to be really patient. Take a look at this video:
It's actually too bad that this video happens to be so short because the idea is interesting but far too far-reaching for a video of just 3:30 or so in length. I can't really say if the idea about a decrease in population and a 22st-century enlightenment is true without seeing a much longer version of the idea. Nevertheless, this video is for language study so we'll just let the subject of the video remain as is and take a look at the script.
Creating the bilingual script will be a personal process depending on the language being learned and your ability in the language, but ideally it should focus on parts of sentences instead of sentences as a whole. When the word order differs to the extent that the translation has information that was originally at the beginning moved to the end though, you will have to use the whole sentence. The script I've created here as an example is Persian (a much easier language than one might expect, by the way), and in Persian the verb is usually at the end of a sentence so sometimes one has no choice but to use the entire sentence. You may also want to increase the size of the text of the language you are learning if it makes it that much easier to read.
Here is the script:
I used to be a Malthusian. من سابقا پیرو فلسفۀ مالتوس بودم
This was my mental model of the world. آن قالب مغزی من از جهان بود
Exploding population, جمعیت در حال انفجار
small planet, سیارۀ کوچک
it's going to lead to ugly things. به مسائل زشتی منتهی خواهد شد
But I'm moving past Malthus. ولی من دارم از مالتوس میگذرم
Because I think چون به نظر من
that we just might be about 150 years from a kind of new enlightenment. شاید تنها ۱۵۰ سال با نوع جدیدی از روشنگری فاصله داشته باشیم
Here's why. توضیح میدهم چرا
This is the U.N.'s population data, you may have seen, for the world. این داده جمعیتی سازمان ملل از جهان است، که احتمالا دیدید
And the world's population expected to top out at something hopefully a bit less than 10 billion, late this century. و انتظار میرود که جمعیت جهان در اواخر قرن به بالاترین حد خود برسد، خوشبینانه اش درحدود ۱۰ میلیارد
And after that, و بعد از آن
most likely به احتمال زیاد
it's going to begin to decline. کم خواهد شد
So what then? خب بعد چه؟
Most of the economic models اکثر مدلهای اقتصادی
are built around scarcity and growth. بر اساس کمیابی و رشد بنیان شدهاند
So a lot of economists از این رو خیلی از اقتصاددانان
look at declining population and به جمعیت در حال کاهش نگاه میکنند و
expect to see stagnation, maybe depression. گمان میکنند که به رکود یا شاید کسادی منجر خواهد شد
But a declining population ولی جمعیت رو به کاهش
is going to have at least two very beneficial economic effects. دو تاثیر اقتصادی مفید خواهد داشت
One, fewer people, اولا، شمار کمتری از مردم
on a fixed amount of land در یک قطعۀ ثابت از زمین
make investing in property a bad bet. باعث میشود که سرمایه گذاری در املاک معامله خوبی نباشد
In the cities, در شهرها
a lot of the cost of property بیشتر هزینه املاک
is actually wrapped up in its speculative value. در واقع ارزش فرضی آنها است
Take away land speculation, اگر زمین خواری را از میان بردارید
price of land drops. قیمت زمین کاهش مییابد
And that و این
begins to lift a heavy burden off the world's poor. باعث میشود که بار سنگینی از دوش نیازمندان جهان برداشته شود
Number two, شمارۀ دو اینکه
a declining population جمعیت در حال تنزل
means scarce labor. به معنی کمیاب شدن نیروی کار است
Scarce labor drives wages. نیروی کار اندک موجب افزایش دستمزد میشود
As wages increase با افزایش دستمزدها
that also lifts the burden on the poor and the working class. بار دیگری از دوش فقرا و طبقۀ کارگر برداشته میشود
Now I'm not talking about a radical drop in population like we saw in the Black Death. حال، من از یک کاهش یکباره مثل چیزی که در «مرگ سیاه» شاهد بودهایم صحبت نمیکنم
But look ولی بنگرید
what happened in Europe after the plague: به حوادث بعد از طاعون در اروپا
rising wages, افزایش دستمزد
land reform, اصلاحات ارضی
technological innovation, نوآوری فناوری
birth of the middle class. تولد طبقۀ متوسط
And after that, و پشت آن
forward-looking social movements جنبشهای اجتماعی رو به جلو
like the Renaissance, مانند رنسانس
and later the Enlightenment. و بعد آن عصر روشنگری
Most of our cultural heritage اکثر میراث فرهنگی ما
has tended to look backward, گرایش به نگاه به عقب داشته
romanticizing the past. با خیالبافی از گذشته
All of the Western religions همۀ ادیان غربی
begin with the notion of Eden, با خیالی از بهشت آغاز شدهاند
and descend through a kind of profligate present, و به نوعی حال فاسد تنزل یافتهاند
to a very ugly future. تا به یک آیندۀ زشت منتهی شوند
So human history بنابراین به تاریخ انسان
is viewed as sort of this downhill slide, به عنوان یک سری سرازیری رو به انحطاط نگریسته شده
from the good old days. از دوران خوب و خوش گذشته
But I think ولی من فکر میکنم
we're in for another change. ما یک تغییر دیگری در پیش داریم
About two generations after the top of that curve, حدود دو نسل بعد از نوک منحنی
once the effects of a declining population آنگاه که تاثیر کاهش جمعیت
start to settle in. شروع به تثبیت میکند
At that point, در آن هنگام
we'll start romanticizing the future again, ما نسبت به آینده خیالبافی خواهیم کرد
instead of the nasty, brutish past. به جای زمان حال نامطبوع و گذشتۀ خشن
So why does this matter? خب چرا این مهم است؟
Why talk about social-economic movements چرا دربارۀ جنبشهای اجتماعیای صحبت کنیم
that may be more than a century away? که شاید بیش از یک قرن فاصله داشته باشند؟
Because transitions are dangerous times. برای اینکه دوران «گذار» خطرناک است
When land owners وقتی که صاحبان زمین
start to lose money, سرمایۀ خود را از دست میدهند
and labor و نیروی کار
demands more pay, درآمد بیشتری طلب میکنند
there are some powerful interests that اینها موضوعات مهمی هستند که
are going to fear for the future. آنها را به ترس از آینده وا خواهد داشت
Fear for the future ترس از آینده
leads to some rash decisions. منجر به تصمیمات عجولانه میشود
If we have a positive view about the future اگر ما نظر مثبتی نسبت به آینده داشته باشیم
then we may be able to accelerate through that turn, قادر خواهیم بود از آن پیچ برای سرعتگیری استفاده کنیم
instead of careening off a cliff. به جای واژگونی در صخره
If we can اگر ما بتوانیم
make it through the next 150 years, این ۱۵۰ سالِ پیش رو را پشت سر بگذاریم
I think that من گمان میکنم که
your great-great-grandchildren بچۀ- بچۀ- نوههایتان
will forget all about Malthus. به کلی مالتوس را از یاد خواهند برد
And instead, و به جای آن
they'll be planning for the future برای آینده برنامهریزی خواهند کرد
and starting to build the 22nd Century Enlightenment. و شروع به بنا نهادن عصر روشنگری قرن ۲۲ام خواهند نمود
Thank you. سپاس
(Applause) (تشویق)
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