In which countries is German spoken?

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

Tysk er det eneste offisielle språket i Tyskland, Østerrike og Liechtenstein. Det er det viktigste av de fire språkene i Sveits. Også i Luxembourg har tysk offisiell status ved siden av fransk og luxemburgisk. I Belgia er tysk det minste av tre offisielle språk, og snakkes av 70 000 mennesker. I den italienske regionen Trentino-Alto Adige brukes tysk som offisielt språk ved siden av italiensk...


For some reason the Norwegian Wikipedia has a list of German speakers throughout the world in a level of detail that other Wikipedias don't have, so I have no choice but to lift it and turn it into English (except for when the Norwegian looks pretty much like English, like offisiell). The list is arranged by percentage as opposed to the actual number of speakers. Here it is:



Land Status Number of speakers
Percent
Germany offisiell 074 530 000 90,00
Austria offisiell 007 116 000 89,00
Liechtenstein offisiell 000 030 000 86,00
Luxembourg
(Standard German and lëtzebuergesch)
offisiell 000 340 000 72,00
Sveits offisiell 004 762 000 64,00
Vatican (Swiss Guards) regional 000 000 110 12,00
Israel (Yiddish) 000 215 000 03,10
Nederland 000 386 000 02,40
Kasakhstan 000 300 000 02,00
Namibia regional 000 030 000 01,50
France (Elsace) 000 600 000 00,99
Paraguay 000 060 000 00,92
Argentina 000 300 000 00,78
Belgium (Eupen-Malmedy) offisiell 000 078 000 00,75
Italia (South Tyrol) regional 000 338 000 00,58
Russia regional 000 800 000 00,56
Hungary regional 000 050 000 00,50
Brasil 000 900 000 00,48
Kirgisistan 000 020 000 00,39
Czech Republic 000 040 000 00,39
Poland (Schlesien) regional 000 153 000 00,38
Denmark (Nordslesvig) regional 000 015 000 00,28
Canada (Hutterites) 000 045 000 00,14
USA (Amish and Yiddish) 000 410 000 00,14
Chile 000 020 000 00,12
Mexico 000 080 000 00,08
Ukraine 000 033 000 00,07
Romania (Siebenbürgen) regional 000 014 000 00,06
Worldwide
120 000 000 01,80



Edit: Per request, I'm including Olivier's comment in the post since he's quite knowledgeable on the subject:

As an inhabitant of Lorraine I will protest against the omission of Lorraine among the French speakers of German (I am one, but not native; indeed even in the border region, native speakers are only old people). One week ago, I visited my grandmother at the hospital, and, while I was walking in the gangway, an old woman talked to me in (I think) Moselfrankisch and I desperately tried to answer in a mixture of Standard German and Luxembourgish (but the woman had obviously the Alzheimer disease). Secondly, the right orthography is "Alsace" (pronounced "Alzace") not "Elsace"...

Lastly, one can question if it is scientifically correct to include Germanic dialects (not to mention Yiddish) within the data for Standard German. As I've just mentioned, intercomprehension partly exists between all those languages, but it is not always assured (like what I experienced with the old woman though I'm a quite good speaker of Standard German)
I suppose that depends on one's definition of a language. If complete comprehensibility is the definition then I'm not sure you could say that a speaker from Texas (Boomhauer for an extreme example) and a guy from Ireland were really speaking the same language.

But if you think of a language as more of a common sphere of linguistic influence then I think you could include regional variants in the total. Though there may not be complete mutual comprehensibility people that use regional variants are still probably affected by more or less the same media - tv, radio, newspapers, etc. So as for whether you could take two people and sit them down to have a conversation the answer is probably no, but if you are considering a possible audience for a movie or tv show or newspaper, then the answer is probably yes. That would mean that the 120 million number above (plus Olivier's extra region and probably some others) would be the total number of people you could reach with something like an online article or blog post.

10 comments:

Unknown said...

You can find a complaint about Berlin citizens here:
http://forum.expatica.com/Germans-speak-German-t82818.html&pid=798110

The complaint refers to the attitude of Berlin citizens when a native English speaker wants to practice German. They are reported uncooperative with the German language students.

Anonymous said...

Hi Dave!
As an inhabitant of Lorraine I will protest against the omission of Lorraine among the French speakers of German (I am one, but not native; indeed even in the border region, native speakers are only old people). One week ago, I visited my grandmother at the hospital, and, while I was walking in the gangway, an old woman talked to me in (I think) Moselfrankisch and I desperately tried to answer in a mixture of Standard German and Luxembourgish (but the woman had obviously the Alzheimer disease). Secondly, the right orthography is "Alsace" (pronounced "Alzace") not "Elsace"...
Lastly, one can question if it is scientifically correct to include Germanic dialects (not to mention Yiddish) within the data for Standard German. As I've just mentioned, intercomprehension partly exists between all those languages, but it is not always assured (like what I experienced with the old woman though I'm a quite good speaker of Standard German)
If you can, please include my comment within your on-line article, since I think these data are sometimes misleading.

Olivier aus Lothringen

Anonymous said...

Danke lieber Dave!
I agree with what you say about intercomprehension, but the situations vary a lot. For example: most speakers of Lëtzebuergesch are conversant in German because they've learnt it at school. On the contrary, the old woman I've met or the "Pennsylvanian Dutch" would certainly not be able to understand clearly Standard German. You can listen to "Radio Lëtzebuerg" and realise that it is not easy to understand everything (except when they use French loanwords)...
The other problem is that most speakers of those dialects will not accept that it is confused with Standard German. Tell this to Luxemburgians, Bavarians and others...
I've listened several times to the Yiddish broadcast of the Australian Radio and could understand nearly everything; but, after all they've suffered during WW2, no speaker of Yiddish would like to be called a German!
Finally, the biggest argument against this use of intercomprehension for Standard German is that you should then classify Netherlandic as a dialect of German!

Bis bald und mach's gut!

Olivier der Lothringer

Anonymous said...

What is being done to keep Elsässisch from dying out? The people of Alsace-Lorraine live next door to Germany, but have zero interest in learning Alsacian, nor even standard German. This does not make any sense. I thought that within a "United Europe," all people living in the border areas of another country would want (and need) to learn the other language.

Anonymous said...

Hallo aus Lothringen

(doch gibt's Ausnahmen wie ich...). Was Elsässich angeht (die Nordlothringer sprachen Fränkisch, nicht Elsässisch, das eine allemanische Mundart ist), liegt der Anfang des Problemes daran, dass es keine Kultursprache gewesen ist, sondern eine Alltagsprache, die unter Verwandten, Freunden benutzt war. Mit dem Untergang der traditionnellen Lebensart ist der Gebrauch des Elsässischen auch gesunken. Es war mir unmöglich, als ich vor ein Paar Jahren in Strasburg studierte, ein gutes elsässisches Lehrbuch zu finden.
Ich teile die Meinung, es sei Schade, dass so wenige Elsässer das Deutsche fliessend können.

Olivier
http://sambahsa.pbwiki.com/

Anonymous said...

Nach dem Studium sucht fast jeder junge Elsässer Arbeit in Paris, oder? Es scheint mir, die meisten von denen haben kein Interesse auf deutsche Grossstädte sowie Berlin oder Wien......

Schade darum.....

Anonymous said...

Eh, es ist ein bisschen übertrieben.
Die meisten Elsässer wollen im Elsass bleiben. Viele arbeiten im benachbarten Baden-Württemberg. Eine Gross-stadt wie Strasburg bietet viele Gelegenheiten an. Berlin und Wien liegen vom Elsass eher entfernt...

Olivier

Anonymous said...

Ausser Kohlegruben, gibt's noch was in Lothringen. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg war diese Gegend wirklich ein Preis für Paris ? Lothringen ist das armste Land in Frankreich, oder. Lothringer Platt geht auch zugrunde....

Anonymous said...

Es gibt in der Tat drei verschiedene Arten von "Platt" (besser: "Fränkischen") in Lothringen. Es sind (von West bis Ost) Luxemburgsfränkisch, Moselfränkisch und Rheinfränkisch. Obgleich das erste die Nationalsprache Luxemburgs, eines der reichsten Länder der Welt mit vielen Arbeitsgelegenheiten, ist, geht dieses immer mehr zugrunde, während Rheinfränkisch (und relativ Moselfränkisch) lebendig bleibt. Dies zeigt, dass der Fortbestand einer Mundart nichts mit der wirtschaftlichen Lage zu tun hat.

Olivier

Anonymous said...

Es scheint mir, viele Franzosen in dem vereinigten Europa haben keine Lust auf die deutsche Sprache/Dialekten. Höchst interessant!

  © Blogger templates Newspaper by Ourblogtemplates.com 2008

Back to TOP